CLF-C02: Storage & Databases

2. Amazon EBS vs Amazon EFS vs Amazon S3

   EBS: block storage, one EC2 instance, low-latency. EFS: shared file storage, multiple EC2 instances, NFS protocol. S3: object storage, unlimited, global HTTP access, no EC2 needed.

3. Amazon RDS supported engines

   MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Amazon Aurora. RDS handles backups, patching, Multi-AZ replication, and read replicas automatically.

4. Amazon DynamoDB

   Fully managed serverless NoSQL key-value + document database. Single-digit millisecond latency. Auto-scales capacity. No schema — flexible item structure. Ideal for session state, IoT, gaming, mobile.

5. Amazon Redshift

   Managed data warehouse for analytics at petabyte scale. Uses columnar storage and massively parallel processing (MPP). Best for complex SQL queries on large datasets — NOT for transactional (OLTP) workloads.

6. AWS Database Migration Service (DMS)

   Migrates databases to AWS with minimal downtime. Source database remains operational during migration. Supports homogeneous (MySQL → MySQL) and heterogeneous (Oracle → Aurora) migrations.

7. Amazon ElastiCache

   Managed in-memory caching service supporting Redis and Memcached. Reduces database load by caching frequently accessed data. Sub-millisecond response times.

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