Flashcards / Architecting: Storage
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Architecting: Storage

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CONCEPT
Amazon S3

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ANSWER
Object storage in buckets, accessed over HTTPS, with 11 nines of durability and virtually unlimited capacity. For backups, data lakes, static sites, and media.

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  1. S3 storage classes

    Standard, Intelligent-Tiering (auto-tiers), Standard-IA / One Zone-IA (infrequent), and Glacier Instant/Flexible/Deep Archive (archival, lowest cost).

  2. S3 Intelligent-Tiering

    Automatically moves objects between access tiers based on usage, optimising cost with no retrieval fees — best for unknown or changing access patterns.

  3. S3 lifecycle policies

    Rules that automatically transition objects to cheaper classes or expire them as they age (e.g. Standard → IA → Glacier after N days).

  4. S3 Versioning

    Keeps multiple versions of an object so you can recover from accidental overwrites or deletes. Combine with MFA Delete for extra protection.

  5. S3 access control

    Layered: IAM policies, bucket policies (resource-based), ACLs (legacy), Block Public Access (account/bucket guardrail), and Access Points for shared datasets.

  6. S3 Block Public Access

    An account- and bucket-level safety setting that overrides permissive policies/ACLs to prevent accidental public exposure of objects.

  7. Server-side encryption (SSE)

    S3 encrypts objects at rest: SSE-S3 (S3-managed keys), SSE-KMS (AWS KMS keys, audited), or SSE-C (customer-provided keys).

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