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A template containing the OS, configuration, and software used to launch an instance. Use AWS, Marketplace, community, or custom 'golden' AMIs.
Families optimised for a workload profile: general purpose, compute optimised, memory optimised, storage optimised, and accelerated (GPU) computing.
e.g. m5.large — family (m), generation (5), optional capability, then size. Newer generations usually offer better price/performance.
On-Demand (no commitment), Reserved/Savings Plans (1–3 yr, up to ~72% off), Spot (spare capacity, up to ~90% off, interruptible), Dedicated Hosts (compliance/licensing).
Control instance placement: Cluster (low-latency, same AZ, HPC), Spread (each on distinct hardware, max availability), Partition (grouped racks for big distributed systems).
Public/private key used to securely access an instance (SSH for Linux, password decryption for Windows). AWS stores the public key; you keep the private key.
Uses ML on utilisation metrics to recommend optimal EC2 instance types and sizes, reducing cost and improving performance.
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