Flashcards / Architecting: Networking 1
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Architecting: Networking 1

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CONCEPT
CIDR notation

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ANSWER
Classless Inter-Domain Routing expresses an IP range as address/prefix (e.g. 10.0.0.0/16). A smaller prefix number = more addresses. A VPC and its subnets are sized with CIDR blocks.

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  1. Amazon VPC

    A logically isolated virtual network you define in a Region. You control IP range (CIDR), subnets, route tables, and gateways.

  2. Public vs private subnet

    A public subnet has a route to an internet gateway; a private subnet does not. Subnets live in a single AZ — spread them across AZs for resilience.

  3. Internet gateway (IGW)

    A horizontally-scaled, redundant VPC component that allows communication between the VPC and the internet. Required for public subnets.

  4. NAT gateway

    Lets instances in a private subnet make outbound connections to the internet (e.g. updates) while preventing the internet from initiating connections to them. Lives in a public subnet.

  5. Route tables

    A set of rules (routes) that determine where network traffic is directed. Each subnet associates with one route table; the local route enables intra-VPC traffic.

  6. Security group vs network ACL

    Security group = stateful, instance-level, allow-rules only. Network ACL = stateless, subnet-level, allow + deny rules evaluated in order.

  7. Elastic IP address

    A static, public IPv4 address you can allocate and remap between instances/NAT gateways to mask failures.

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